“Ndingayifaka njani i-tan kangaphi ngeveki?” ngomnye wemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kwi-intanethi malunga nokuyifaka i-tan ngaphakathi endlwini. Inyani yile,akukho mpendulo inye, kuba ubuninzi bokutshiswa kwesikhumba obufanelekileyo buxhomekeke kakhulu kwi:

• Yakhouhlobo lolusu

• Yakhoiinjongo zokuthambisa isikhumba

• Iuhlobo lwebhedi yokuthambisa isikhumbausebenzisa

• Yakhoinqanaba lamava

• Indlela ulusu lwakho olusabela ngayo xa luchatshazelwa yi-UV

Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngempendulo esekelwe kwisayensi, evunyiweyo yisalon ebeka phambili zombiniiziphumo ezisebenzayokwayeukhuseleko lolusu, kunye nolwazi oluvela ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwephesha kwezixhobo zanamhlanje zokuthambisa isikhumba zaseMelika.

1. Kutheni Ukujonga Ubushushu Belanga Kubalulekile (Ngaphezu Kokuba Ucinga)

Ukutshiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi endlini kusebenza ngokuvuselela imveliso ye-melanin kunye ne-oxidation. Kodwa i-melanin inemida yebhayoloji. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kukhokelela koku:

• Ububomvu

• Ukuxobula

• Umbala ongalinganiyo

• Ukwaluphala kolusu ngaphambi kwexesha

• Umonakalo we-UV wexesha elide

Ukuthambisa isikhumba rhoqo akukwenzi ube mnyama ngokukhawuleza—konyusa umngcipheko wakho.

Umgama ochanekileyo phakathi kweeseshoni zokutshisa umbala wesikhumba uvumela ulusu lwakho ukuba luchithe ixesha:

• Buyisela kwimeko entle

• Velisa i-melanin

• Oxidize umbala

• Nzulula umbala wakho welanga ngokwendalo

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqonda amaxesha amaninzi.

2. Ubungakanani Bokuthamba Obucetyiswayo Ngokusekelwe Kuhlobo Lolusu

Ukunyamezela kwendalo kolusu lwakho kwi-UV kuqinisekisa ukuba ulusu lwakho lunokutshabalala kangaphi ngokukhuselekileyo. Apha ngezantsi sisikali sikaFitzpatrick esamkelweyo ngokubanzi:

✔ Uhlobo Lolusu I — Luphaphathekile Kakhulu, Luhlala Lutsha, Alubonakali Lumnyama

• Ngokwesiqhelo iinwele ezibomvu, amehlo akhanyayo, amabala

• Ulusu lutsha nokuba lubonakala ixesha elifutshane

Ireyithi ecetyiswayo:
Ayifanelekanga ukutshiswa ngaphakathi kwendlu.

Iibhedi zokuthambisa isikhumba azikhuthazwa kolu hlobo lolusu, kuba umngcipheko wokutsha uphezulu kakhulu.

✔ Uhlobo lwesikhumba II — Ulusu oluLungileyo, Lutsha lula, Lumnyama kancinci

• Umbala waseMantla Yurophu

• Impendulo ecothayo ye-melanin

Ireyithi ecetyiswayo:
➡Iiseshoni ezi-1–2 ngeveki
➡ Iiseshoni ezimfutshane, ukwakheka kancinci kancinci

Olu hlobo lolusu kufuneka luqaphele kakhulu, kwaye lufanele lusebenziseizixhobo ezikumgangatho wobungcalinjengeebhedi zaseMerican ezine-UVA/UVB ezinzileyo, elinganisiweyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuchatshazelwa kakhulu.

✔ Uhlobo Lwesikhumba III — Ulusu Olukhanyayo ukuya Oluphakathi, Ngamanye amaxesha Lutsha, Lujika Lube Nsundu Kalula

Olu lolona hlobo lolusu luxhaphakileyo phakathi kwabasuki besikhumba abangaphakathi.

Ireyithi ecetyiswayo:
➡Iiseshoni ezi-2–3 ngevekingexesha lesigaba sokwakha
➡Iiseshoni ezi-1–2 ngevekiyokugcinwa

Ulusu lwe-Skin Type III lujika umbala kakuhle kwaye lugcina umbala ixesha elide kunohlobo lwe-II.

✔ Uhlobo lwesikhumba IV — Ngokwendalo ulusu oluyi-olive okanye olumdaka ngombala

• Ayitshi rhoqo

• I-tan imnyama kwaye ikhawuleza

Ireyithi ecetyiswayo:
➡Iiseshoni ezi-2–4 ngeveki
➡ Iiseshoni ezinde kancinci ziyavunyelwa

Olu hlobo lolusu lusabela kakuhle kakhulu kwi-tanning yangaphakathi, ingakumbi kwiibhedi ze-tanning ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

✔ Uhlobo Lolusu V–VI — Ulusu oluNsundu kakhulu ukuya kolumnyama

• Akuvamanga kakhulu ukutsha

• Ukhuseleko lwendalo oluqinileyo lwe-UV

Ireyithi ecetyiswayo:
➡Izihlandlo ezi-2–4 ngeveki

Iiseshoni zingaba zinde kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zokutshisa umbala.

3. Abasuki Abatsha vs. Abasuki Abanamava (Kusebenza imithetho eyahlukeneyo)

Kwabaqalayo

Ukuba usandul’ ukuqala ukutshiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi:

Qala kancinci

• Qala ngoImizuzu emi-3–6iiseshoni

• Umda kwiIiseshoni ezi-1–2 ngevekiekuqaleni

Yandisa ixesha kancinci kancinci

Qho emva kweseshoni ezimbalwa ungongeza imizuzu eli-1 ukuya kweye-2 ude ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu elicetyiswayo lohlobo lwakho lolusu.

KwabaThengisi beeMfuyo abanamava

Nje ukuba ube ne-tan esisiseko esele izinzile:

• Umbala omdakaIzihlandlo ezi-2–3 ngeveki

• Gcina i-tan yakho ithambile ngeeseshoni ezimfutshane nezihambelanayo

• Gcina ulusu lwakho lumanzi ukuze luhlale ixesha elide

Abantu abanamava ekuthungeni izikhumba badla ngokuthandaiibhedi zokutshisa umbala ezixineneyo kakhulu—udidi apho iMerican ivelisa iinkqubo ze-UVA eziphumayo ezizinzileyo ezinika umbala onzulu ongenamandla kangako kwi-UVB.

4. Isigaba sokwakha kunye nesigaba sokulungisa

Uninzi lwabantu luba mnyama ngezigaba ezibini:

Inqanaba 1: Inqanaba lokwakha (Iiveki zokuqala ezi-2-4)

Injongo:Phuhlisa i-tan esisiseko

Izihlandlo:
➡ Uhlobo lolusu III–IV:Iiseshoni ezi-2–3/ngeveki
➡ Uhlobo lolusu V–VI:Iiseshoni ezi-3–4/ngeveki

Eli nqanaba lifuna ukuvezwa rhoqo kuba ukuveliswa kwe-melanin kufuneka kukhuthazwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Isigaba soLondolozo

Injongo:Gcina ulusu lwakho lumnyama ngaphandle kokuvezwa kakhulu

Izihlandlo:
➡Iiseshoni ezi-1–2/ngevekikubantu abaninzi

Ukusebenzisa izithambisi-manzi kunye nezithambisi-manzi kunokunceda ukwandisa umbala wakho phakathi kweeseshoni.

5. Indlela Uhlobo lwebhedi yokuthamba oluyichaphazela ngayo i-frequency

Ayizizo zonke iibhedi zokuthambisa ezilinganayo. Amandla e-UV ayahluka kakhulu:

Iibhedi eziphantsi koxinzelelo

• Imveliso ephezulu ye-UVB

• Ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwe-melanin

• Ifuna isithuba esingakumbi phakathi kweeseshoni

Izihlandlo:Izihlandlo ezi-2–3 ngeveki

Iibhedi eziXinzelelo oluPhezulu

• Ngokuyintloko yi-UVA

• Ithambile ngakumbi eluswini

• Iphuhlisa umbala onzulu nohlala ixesha elide

• Umngcipheko ophantsi wokutsha

Izihlandlo:Amaxesha ama-3–4 ngeveki

Iinkqubo zokuthambisa ezisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu zaseMerican zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukugcina imveliso ye-UVA ihambelanayo, nto leyo evumela ukuba iiseshoni zokuthambisa ezikhululekileyo kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokuba bomvu.

6. Iimpawu Zokuba Uhlala Ulusu Lwelanga

Yeka ukutshiswa kwelanga okanye unciphise ubuninzi bexesha ukuba uqaphela:

• Ububomvu obungapheliyo

• Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukoma

• Ukuxobula

• Iindawo ezishushu

• Amabala angalinganiyo

• Ukuqina kolusu

• Uvakalelo oluvuthayo nasemva kweeseshoni ezimfutshane

Ezi ziimpawu zokuba ulusu lwakho luxinezelekile kwaye lufuna ixesha lokululama.

7. Iingcebiso zoKhuseleko eziNgcali zoKuchonga uVavanyo lwakho oluLungileyo

✔ 1. Soloko ulandela uvavanyo lobuchwephesha lohlobo lolusu

I-salon kufuneka ihlole uhlobo lwakho lweFitzpatrick ngaphambi kokuba ikucebise ukuba wenze rhoqo.

✔ 2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezilawulwayo

Iibhedi zokuthambisa i-tan zaseMerican zibonelela:

• Ulawulo lwemveliso ye-UV ekrelekrele

• Ukusasazwa kwezibane ezilinganayo

• Iinkqubo zokupholisa ezinciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu

• Useto olulinganisiweyo lwe-UVA/UVB

• Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezilawulwa lixesha

Ezi mpawu zoyilo zinceda ekuthinteleni ukuchatshazelwa kakhulu.

✔ 3. Nciphisa ulusu lwakho rhoqo

Ulusu olufumile kakuhle luba nombala othambileyo ngokulinganayo nangokukhuselekileyo.

✔ 4. Nyusa i-frequency kancinci kancinci

Ungaze utsibe ukusuka kwiseshoni enye ngeveki uye kwi-5.

✔ 5. Landela amaxesha okuphumla acetyiswayo

Ulusu lufunaIiyure ezingama-24–48ukuze abuyele esiqhelweni phakathi kweeseshoni.

8. Umbuzo Obuzwa Rhoqo: Ngaba Ukutshisa Ilanga Okungakumbi Kungcono?

Hayi.
Ukutshiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi kusebenza ngeenkqubo zebhayoloji ezingenakukhawuleza.

Ukudlula isantya esicetyiswayo:

• Ayikhawulezisi ukutshiswa kwelanga

• Ayizibangeli iziphumo zibe mnyama

• Kunyusa kuphela umngcipheko wokonakala kwesikhumba

Ulusu olusempilweni lujika lube nsundu ngakumbi—ulusu olubonakala lugqithisile alubi nsundu.

9. Isishwankathelo: Ufanele Utshintshe Kangaphi Umbala Wesikhumba?

Izikhokelo Jikelele

• Abantu abaninzi:Iiseshoni ezi-2–3 ngeveki

• Abaqalayo:1–2 ngeveki

• Ulondolozo:1–2 ngeveki

• Uhlobo Lolusu I: Akukhuthazwa

Ngeenkqubo zokuthambisa ezisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu zaseMerican:

• I-UVA engaphezulu, i-UVB encinci

• Iiseshoni ezihambelanayo ngakumbi

• I-tan emnyama, ehlala ixesha elide

• Umngcipheko ophantsi wokutsha

Iingcinga Zokugqibela

Ubuninzi bokutshiswa kwesikhumba akulunganga konke konke. Isicwangciso sokutshisa isikhumba esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo sixhomekeke kwiuhlobo lolusu, amava, kwaye iumgangatho wezixhobo zokutshisa ilangausebenzisa.

Iimpawu ezifanaI-Merican, eyaziwa ngeebhedi ze-UV ezisebenza kakuhle nezilawulwayo, idlala indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzisi bathambisa i-sun ngokulinganayo, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokukhululekileyo. Ngokulinganisela kunye nokucwangcisa okukrelekrele, ukuthambisa i-sun ngaphakathi endlini kunokuba luncedo kwaye kube lula eluswini.