Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ngonyango lokukhanya okubomvu yindawo yamehlo. Abantu bafuna ukusebenzisa izibane ezibomvu eluswini lobuso, kodwa baxhalabile ukuba ukukhanya okubomvu okukhanyayo okubhekise apho kusenokungabi yeyona ifanelekileyo emehlweni abo. Ngaba kukho into enokuxhalabisa ngayo? Ngaba ukukhanya okubomvu kungonakalisa amehlo? okanye ngaba kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye kuncede ekuphiliseni amehlo ethu?
Intshayelelo
Amehlo mhlawumbi zezona ndawo zisengozini nezixabisekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ukubona ngamehlo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamava ethu, kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwethu kwemihla ngemihla. Amehlo abantu anovelwano kakhulu ekukhanyeni, akwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yezigidi. Ayakwazi nokubona ukukhanya phakathi kwamaza obude obuyi-400nm kunye ne-700nm.
Asinazo izixhobo zokubona ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared (njengoko kusetyenziselwa unyango lokukhanya okuphantsi kwe-infrared), kanye njengokuba singaziboni ezinye ii-wavelengths zemitha ye-EM ezifana ne-UV, iiMicrowaves, njl. Kutshanje kuye kwabonakaliswa ukuba iliso liyakwazi ukubona i-photon enye. Njengakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni, amehlo enziwe ziiseli, iiseli ezikhethekileyo, zonke zenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Sineeseli zerod zokubona ukukhanya okunamandla, iiseli zekhoni zokubona umbala, iiseli ezahlukeneyo ze-epithelial, iiseli ezivelisa i-humor, iiseli ezivelisa i-collagen, njl. Ezinye zezi seli (kunye nezicubu) zisengozini kwezinye iintlobo zokukhanya. Zonke iiseli zifumana iingenelo kwezinye iintlobo zokukhanya. Uphando kulo mmandla lukhule kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo.
Ngowuphi umbala/ubude bokukhanya obuluncedo emehlweni?
Uninzi lwezifundo ezibonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zisebenzisa ii-LED njengomthombo wokukhanya uninzi lwazo lujikeleze ubude bomda obuyi-670nm (obomvu). Ubude bomda kunye nohlobo/umthombo wokukhanya azizo zodwa izinto ezibalulekileyo nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubukhali bokukhanya kunye nexesha lokuvezwa zichaphazela iziphumo.
Ukukhanya okubomvu kuwanceda njani amehlo?
Ekubeni amehlo ethu ezona zicwili ziphambili ezibonakala ekukhanyeni emzimbeni wethu, umntu unokucinga ukuba ukufunxwa kokukhanya okubomvu ziikhowuni zethu ezibomvu kunento yokwenza nemiphumo ebonwe kuphando. Oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo.
Ithiyori ephambili echaza imiphumo yonyango lokukhanya okubomvu nokukufutshane ne-infrared, naphi na emzimbeni, ibandakanya ukusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya kunye ne-mitochondria. Umsebenzi ophambili we-mitochondria kukuvelisa amandla kwiseli yayo -unyango lokukhanya luphucula amandla alo okwenza amandla.
Amehlo abantu, ingakumbi iiseli ze-retina, aneemfuno eziphezulu ze-metabolism kuyo nayiphi na izicubu emzimbeni wonke - zifuna amandla amaninzi. Eyona ndlela yokuhlangabezana nale mfuno iphezulu kukuba iiseli zibe neendawo ezininzi ze-mitochondria - ngoko ke akumangalisi ukuba iiseli emehlweni zinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-mitochondria naphi na emzimbeni.
Njengoko unyango lokukhanya lusebenza ngokusebenzisana ne-mitochondria, kwaye amehlo enemithombo etyebileyo ye-mitochondria emzimbeni, kucingelwa ukuba ukukhanya kuya kuba nemiphumo enzulu emehlweni xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wonke. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba ukuwohloka kweliso kunye ne-retina kunxulumene ngqo nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondria. Ngoko ke unyango olunokuthi lubuyisele i-mitochondria, apho zininzi khona, emehlweni yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo.
Ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu
Ukukhanya kwe-670nm, uhlobo lokukhanya olubomvu nzulu olubonakalayo, lolona lufundwe kakhulu kuzo zonke iimeko zamehlo. Ezinye iiwavelengths ezineziphumo ezilungileyo ziquka i-630nm, 780nm, 810nm kunye ne-830nm. I-Laser vs. ii-LED – inqaku Ukukhanya okubomvu okuvela kwii-laser okanye ii-LED kunokusetyenziswa naphi na emzimbeni, nangona kukho into enye eyahlukileyo kwii-laser ngokukodwa – amehlo. Ii-Laser AZIFANELEKANGA kunyango lokukhanya kwamehlo.
Oku kungenxa yeempawu zokukhanya kwelaser ezihambelanayo/ezihambelanayo, ezinokujoliswa yilensi yeliso ukuya kwindawo encinci. Lonke umbane wokukhanya kwelaser ungangena elisweni kwaye onke loo mandla agxininiswe kwindawo encinci kakhulu kwi-retina, nto leyo enika amandla amaninzi, kwaye anokutshisa/onakalisa emva kwemizuzwana embalwa. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kuphuma nge-engile kwaye ke akunangxaki.
Uxinano lwamandla kunye nedosi
Ukukhanya okubomvu kudlula elisweni ngokudluliselwa okungaphezulu kwe-95%. Oku kuyinyani ngokukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared kwaye kuyafana nakwezinye ukukhanya okubonakalayo okufana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/luhlaza/mthubi. Ngenxa yokungena okuphezulu kokukhanya okubomvu, amehlo afuna kuphela indlela yonyango efanayo nolusu. Izifundo zisebenzisa malunga ne-50mW/cm2 yamandla, kunye needosi eziphantsi kakhulu ze-10J/cm2 okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomthamo wonyango lokukhanya, jonga le posi.
Ukukhanya okuyingozi emehlweni
Ubude be-wavelengths obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obumfusa kunye nokukhanya kwe-UV (200nm-480nm) abulunganga emehlweni, inxulunyaniswa nomonakalo we-retina okanye umonakalo kwi-cornea, i-humour, ilensi kunye ne-optical nerve. Oku kuquka ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngqo, kodwa kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengenxalenye yezibane ezimhlophe ezifana neebhalbhu ze-LED zasekhaya/zesitalato okanye izikrini zekhompyutha/zefowuni. Izibane ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo, ingakumbi ezo zinombala obushushu obuphezulu (3000k+), zinepesenti enkulu yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye azinampilo emehlweni. Ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakumbi ukukhanya kwelanga emini kuboniswa emanzini, kukwaqulethe ipesenti ephezulu yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukhokelela ekonakaleni kwamehlo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngethamsanqa umoya womhlaba ucoca (usasaza) ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngandlela thile - inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'rayleigh scattering' - kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga emini kuseninzi, njengoko kunjalo ukukhanya kwelanga esibhakabhakeni okubonwa ngoosomkhathi. Amanzi afunxa ukukhanya okubomvu ngaphezu kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoko ukukhanya kwelanga emachibini/olwandle/njl. ngumthombo oqinileyo wokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka. Asikuko ukukhanya kwelanga okubonakalayo kuphela okunokwenza ingozi, njengoko 'iliso lomkhweli' yingxaki eqhelekileyo enxulumene nomonakalo wamehlo okukhanya kwe-UV. Abahambi ngeenyawo, abazingeli kunye nabanye abantu bangaphandle banokukuphuhlisa oku. Oomatiloshe bemveli abafana namagosa amadala aselwandle kunye nabaphangi badla ngokuba neengxaki zokubona emva kweminyaka embalwa, ikakhulu ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga lolwandle, okwenziwa mandundu ziingxaki zesondlo. Amaza okukhanya akude (kunye nobushushu ngokubanzi) anokuba yingozi emehlweni, njengokuba kunjalo nakwezinye iiseli zomzimba, umonakalo osebenzayo uyenzeka xa iiseli zishushu kakhulu (46°C+ / 115°F+). Abasebenzi kwimisebenzi enxulumene nesithando somlilo esidala efana nolawulo lweenjini kunye nokuvuthela iglasi bahlala benengxaki yamehlo (njengoko ubushushu obuvela kwimililo/izithando zomlilo buyi-infrared kakhulu). Ukukhanya kwelaser kunokuba yingozi emehlweni, njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Into efana nelaser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ye-UV ingaba yeyona itshabalalisayo, kodwa ilaser eluhlaza, etyheli, ebomvu kunye ne-infrared ekufutshane isenokubangela ingozi.
Ingxaki yamehlo iyanceda
Ukubona ngokubanzi – ukubona kakuhle, iiCataracts, iDiabetic Retinopathy, iMacular Degeneration – eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AMD okanye i-age-related macular degeration, iiRefractive Errors, iGlaucoma, iDry Eye, iiFloaters.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo
Ukusebenzisa unyango lokukhanya emehlweni ngaphambi kokuba abekwe elangeni (okanye abekwe ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okuqaqambileyo). Ukusetyenziswa imihla ngemihla/ngeveki ukuthintela ukubola kwamehlo.