Ii-tanning booths (ii-sunbeds) zikhupha imitha ye-ultraviolet (UV), ikakhulu ngohlobo lwe-UVA (315–400 nm), kwaye kancinci i-UVB (280–315 nm). Nangona ukukhanya kwelanga kwendalo kuqulethe ubungakanani obulinganayo beentlobo zombini zemitha, izixhobo ze-tanning zihlala zikhupha amanqanaba aphezulu e-UVA, anokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji kulusu nakwimpilo iyonke. Eli nqaku lihlola imiphumo yezonyango neyesikhumba yokuvezwa kwe-UVA kunye ne-UVB kwii-tanning booths.
1. UVA vs. UVB: Umahluko oPhambili
| Uphawu | I-UVA (Amaza amade) | I-UVB (i-Short-wave) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubunzulu bokungena | Inzulu (idermis) | Okungaphezulu (i-epidermis) |
| Impembelelo yokuTshintsha kwesikhumba | Ngoko nangoko (i-oxidative) | Ukulibaziseka (ukuvuselela i-melanin) |
| Ukwenziwa kweVithamini D | Incinci ukuya kweyodwa | Umthombo oyintloko |
| Indlela Yokonakaliswa Kwe-DNA | Okungathanga ngqo (ukuveliswa kweROS) | I-Direct (i-thymine dimers) |
| Umhlaza | Inxulunyaniswa ne-melanoma | Inxulunyaniswa ne-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) |
| Uxinzelelo lwe-immunosuppression | Yomelele (ecwangcisiweyo) | Iphakathi (yendawo) |
2. Imiphumo yezonyango ye-UVA kwiimashini zokutshisa ilanga
A. Ukwaluphala kolusu (ukwaluphala ngefoto):
I-UVA ingena nzulu kwi-dermis, iqhekeza i-collagen kunye ne-elastin nge-reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Oku kukhokelela kwimibimbi, ulusu olufana nolwesikhumba kunye ne-solar elastosis (ukwaluphala kwangethuba).
B. Ukucinezelwa Kwamajoni Omzimba:
I-UVA itshintsha ukusebenza kweeseli zeLangerhans, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla okuzikhusela kulusu.
Oku kwandisa amathuba okufumana usulelo lolusu (umz. i-HPV kunye ne-herpes) kwaye kunokwenza buthathaka ukusabela kwiigonyo.
C. Umngcipheko weMelanoma
I-UVA ibangela umonakalo we-oxidative DNA, nto leyo enegalelo kwi-melanoma ebulalayo (uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu olubulalayo).
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa iibhedi zokutshisa ilanga banomngcipheko ophezulu ngama-59% wokufumana i-melanoma (JAMA Dermatology, 2014).
D. Akukho mveliso ibalulekileyo yevithamini D
Ngokungafaniyo ne-UVB, i-UVA ayiguquli i-7-dehydrocholesterol ibe yi-vitamin D₃, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iibhedi zokuthambisa azikwazi ukwenza i-vitamin D.
3. Iziphumo zonyango ze-UVB kwiimashini zokutshisa ilanga
A. Ukutshiswa lilanga kunye nomonakalo we-DNA
I-UVB ibangela utshintsho oluthe ngqo kwi-DNA (i-thymine dimers), nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kunye ne-basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
Iibhedi zokuthambisa isikhumba ezine-UVB zinegalelo kwi-erythema (ukutsha lilanga).
B. Ukwenziwa kweVithamin D (kunqunyelwe kwiindawo zokuthambisa isikhumba)
Nangona i-UVB iyimfuneko kwimveliso ye-vitamin D₃, uninzi lwezitshini zokuthambisa isikhumba zinciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-UVB ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle kule njongo.
C. Ukucinezelwa Kwamajoni Omzimba Kwindawo Ethile
I-UVB inciphisa inani leeseli ezibonisa i-antigen eluswini, kodwa ibangela ukuncitshiswa okuncinci kwe-systemic immunosuppression kune-UVA.
Indlela yokujongana nomonakalo we-UV:
Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikhuselayo.
Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-UVA/UVB protection.
Khetha izixhobo ezisebenzisa imisebe ephantsi.